Biological pest control
The major changes that took place with the Green Revolution were irrigation in the agricultural sector, the introduction of new crop varieties, and the introduction of agrochemicals. With these changes came a significant increase in the yield of agricultural produce. But with the increasing and informal use of agrochemicals, it is unfortunate that other plants, animals as well as ecosystems as a whole are adversely affected.
Furthermore, since synthetic pesticides do not cause biodegradation, the residual material remains in the environment, causing their toxicity to further adverse effects on all organisms in the long run. Once this situation is identified, there is a tendency today to switch to green pesticides instead of synthetic agro-pesticides.
Demand for this specialty has grown significantly as more and more consumers are becoming aware of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides. Therefore, it is very important to focus on sustainable organic farming. Instead of using artificial pesticides, it is important to control crop diseases and pests in an environmentally friendly manner as well as to maintain a quantitative and qualitative balance of agricultural products.
Thus biological pest control methods can be distinguished as follows.
01. Botanical Pesticide - Inorganic Pesticides
02. Microbial Pesticide - Microbial Pesticides
03. Plant - Incorporated- Protectants) (PIPs) - Plant Incorporated Protection
01. Botanical Pesticide
In the past, various plants and their derivatives have been used to protect crops and to protect food stores from pests. Naturally, some superior plants produce insect-resistant secondary metabolites, which can be found in the leaves, roots, bark, fruit, and seeds of the plant. It has been found that this metabolism changes the behaviors and life cycles of insects.
Azadirachta indica (Neem), meanwhile, is one of the most widely used and effective pest control plants, and the compound Azadirachtin, derived from its seeds, is the active chemical. In the meantime, scientists have identified the chemical structure of azadirachtin and synthesized it in 2007, which will be of great help in the production of natural bio-pesticides. Further research has shown that products containing azadirachtin are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. (EPA- Environmental Protection Agency)
Meanwhile, Chrysanthemum Spp. Used in the manufacture of organic pesticides. The dried buds of the plant provide about six terpinoid esters, which act as insecticides on these esters. (Insecticidal Compound)
In addition, the essential oils of many plants are a combination of a number of volatile compounds, including alcohol, phenol, ketones, ketones, aldehydes, and acids, which can be found in various parts of the plant. The release of these by the plant protects the plant from pathogens as well as herbivores. It has also been found that these compounds alter the growth of insects under the influence of hormones secreted by the endocrine glands of insects. At the same time, plants such as coriander emit strong odors, which also protect the surrounding crop plants. Such insect-resistant chemical compounds are found in plant species such as Zingiberaceae and Piperaceae.
Biochemical compounds derived from the extraction of these chemical compounds will be important for pest control in organic food production.
02. Microbial Pesticide
Insect control can also be seen using other microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. A good example of this is pest control using Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt. Insect larval stages are controlled by toxic crystal proteins secreted by Bt. Bacteria that live in the soil.
Another example is the use of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens to control Crown Gall in plants.
Furthermore, since synthetic pesticides do not cause biodegradation, the residual material remains in the environment, causing their toxicity to further adverse effects on all organisms in the long run. Once this situation is identified, there is a tendency today to switch to green pesticides instead of synthetic agro-pesticides.
Demand for this specialty has grown significantly as more and more consumers are becoming aware of the harmful effects of synthetic pesticides. Therefore, it is very important to focus on sustainable organic farming. Instead of using artificial pesticides, it is important to control crop diseases and pests in an environmentally friendly manner as well as to maintain a quantitative and qualitative balance of agricultural products.
Thus biological pest control methods can be distinguished as follows.
01. Botanical Pesticide - Inorganic Pesticides
02. Microbial Pesticide - Microbial Pesticides
03. Plant - Incorporated- Protectants) (PIPs) - Plant Incorporated Protection
01. Botanical Pesticide
In the past, various plants and their derivatives have been used to protect crops and to protect food stores from pests. Naturally, some superior plants produce insect-resistant secondary metabolites, which can be found in the leaves, roots, bark, fruit, and seeds of the plant. It has been found that this metabolism changes the behaviors and life cycles of insects.
Azadirachta indica (Neem), meanwhile, is one of the most widely used and effective pest control plants, and the compound Azadirachtin, derived from its seeds, is the active chemical. In the meantime, scientists have identified the chemical structure of azadirachtin and synthesized it in 2007, which will be of great help in the production of natural bio-pesticides. Further research has shown that products containing azadirachtin are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. (EPA- Environmental Protection Agency)
Meanwhile, Chrysanthemum Spp. Used in the manufacture of organic pesticides. The dried buds of the plant provide about six terpinoid esters, which act as insecticides on these esters. (Insecticidal Compound)
In addition, the essential oils of many plants are a combination of a number of volatile compounds, including alcohol, phenol, ketones, ketones, aldehydes, and acids, which can be found in various parts of the plant. The release of these by the plant protects the plant from pathogens as well as herbivores. It has also been found that these compounds alter the growth of insects under the influence of hormones secreted by the endocrine glands of insects. At the same time, plants such as coriander emit strong odors, which also protect the surrounding crop plants. Such insect-resistant chemical compounds are found in plant species such as Zingiberaceae and Piperaceae.
Biochemical compounds derived from the extraction of these chemical compounds will be important for pest control in organic food production.
02. Microbial Pesticide
Insect control can also be seen using other microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, and viruses. A good example of this is pest control using Bacillus thuringiensis or Bt. Insect larval stages are controlled by toxic crystal proteins secreted by Bt. Bacteria that live in the soil.
Another example is the use of the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens to control Crown Gall in plants.
03. Plant - Incorporated- Protectants (PIPs)
Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria isolate the gene responsible for the production of toxic crystal proteins and introduce them to plants, where the plant produces those proteins for pest control. Thus the plant is protected from insects. This method has been used to control European Corn Borer, Cotton bollworm, Tobacco budworm.
Among the benefits of adopting bio-pest control methods,
1. Less Toxic
2. Minimize damage to the environment due to exposure to targeted insect pests.
3. Biodegradable environment does not exist. Hence the rapid decomposition.
4. Avoid pollution problems caused by synthetic pesticides due to their use in very small quantities.
5. Ability to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management (IPM) and increase crop yields
Such advantages can be pointed out.
(Courtesy of the Internet)
Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria isolate the gene responsible for the production of toxic crystal proteins and introduce them to plants, where the plant produces those proteins for pest control. Thus the plant is protected from insects. This method has been used to control European Corn Borer, Cotton bollworm, Tobacco budworm.
Among the benefits of adopting bio-pest control methods,
1. Less Toxic
2. Minimize damage to the environment due to exposure to targeted insect pests.
3. Biodegradable environment does not exist. Hence the rapid decomposition.
4. Avoid pollution problems caused by synthetic pesticides due to their use in very small quantities.
5. Ability to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides in integrated pest management (IPM) and increase crop yields
Such advantages can be pointed out.
(Courtesy of the Internet)
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